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09115nam a22004337a 4500 |
| 003 - CONTROL NUMBER IDENTIFIER |
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OSt |
| 005 - DATE AND TIME OF LATEST TRANSACTION |
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20240124051729.0 |
| 008 - FIXED-LENGTH DATA ELEMENTS--GENERAL INFORMATION |
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210509b ||||| |||| 00| 0 eng d |
| 020 ## - INTERNATIONAL STANDARD BOOK NUMBER |
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| International Standard Book Number |
9780470666364 (print ) |
| 040 ## - CATALOGING SOURCE |
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| Language of cataloging |
English |
| Transcribing agency |
CvSU- CCAT Campus Library |
| Description conventions |
rda |
| Original cataloging agency |
CvSU-CCAT Campus Library. |
| 050 ## - LIBRARY OF CONGRESS CALL NUMBER |
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| Classification number |
CIR QH 323.5 |
| Item number |
K35 2011 |
| 082 ## - DEWEY DECIMAL CLASSIFICATION NUMBER |
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| Classification number |
570.1'5195 |
| Item number |
B524u 2011 |
| Edition number |
20 |
| 100 ## - MAIN ENTRY--PERSONAL NAME |
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| Personal name |
Källén, Anders, author |
| 9 (RLIN) |
3133 |
| 245 ## - TITLE STATEMENT |
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| Title |
Understanding biostatistics / |
| Statement of responsibility, etc. |
Anders Källén, Department of Biostatistics, AstraZeneca, Sweden |
| 260 ## - PUBLICATION, DISTRIBUTION, ETC. |
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| Place of publication, distribution, etc. |
Chichester, West Sussex, United Kingdom : |
| Name of publisher, distributor, etc. |
John Wiley & Sons Inc., |
| Date of publication, distribution, etc. |
2011. |
| 300 ## - PHYSICAL DESCRIPTION |
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| Extent |
xii, 375 pages : |
| Other physical details |
illustrations ; |
| Dimensions |
25 cm |
| 504 ## - BIBLIOGRAPHY, ETC. NOTE |
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| Bibliography, etc. note |
Includes bibliographical references and index |
| 505 ## - FORMATTED CONTENTS NOTE |
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| Formatted contents note |
Contents<br/> Preface ix<br/>1. Statistics and medical science 1<br/>1.1. Introduction 1<br/>1.2. On the nature of science 3<br/>1.3. How the scientific method uses statistics 5<br/>1.4. Finding an outcome variable to assess your hypothesis 7<br/>1.5. How we draw medical conclusions from statistical results 8<br/>1.6. A few words about probabilities 13<br/>1.7. The need for honesty: the multiplicity issue 16<br/>1.8. Prespecification and p-value history 19<br/>1.9. Adaptive designs: controlling the risks in an experiment 21<br/>1.10. The elusive concept of probability 23<br/>1.11. Comments and further reading 26<br/> References 27 |
| 505 ## - FORMATTED CONTENTS NOTE |
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| Formatted contents note |
2. Observational studies and the need for clinical trials 29<br/>2.1. Introduction 29<br/>2.2. Investigations of medical interventions and risk factors 29<br/>2.3. Observational studies and confounders 33<br/>2.4. The experimental study 39<br/>2.5. Population risks and individual risks 42<br/>2.6. Confounders, Simpson's paradox and stratification 44<br/>2.7. On incidence and prevalence in epidemiology 51<br/>2.8. Comments and further reading 53<br/> References 54 |
| 505 ## - FORMATTED CONTENTS NOTE |
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| Formatted contents note |
3. Study design and the bias issue 57<br/>3.1. Introduction 57<br/>3.2. What bias is all about 58<br/>3.3. The need for a representative sample: on selection bias 58<br/>3.4. Group comparability and randomization 61<br/>3.5. Information bias in a cohort study 65<br/>3.6. The study, or placebo, effect 68<br/>3.7. The curse of missing values 70<br/>3.8. Approaches to data analysis: avoiding self-inflicted bias 75<br/>3.9. On meta-analysis and publication bias 79<br/>3.10. Comments and further reading 81<br/> References 82 |
| 505 ## - FORMATTED CONTENTS NOTE |
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| Formatted contents note |
4. The anatomy of a statistical test 85<br/>4.1. Introduction 85<br/>4.2. Statistical tests, medical diagnosis and Roman law 85<br/>4.3. The risks with medical diagnosis 87<br/>4.3.1. Medical diagnosis based on a single test 87<br/>4.3.2. Bayes' theorem and the use and misuse of screening tests 89<br/>4.4. The law: a non-quantitative analogue 91<br/>4.5. Risks in statistical testing 93<br/>4.5.1. Does tonsillectomy increase the risk of Hodgkin's lymphoma? 93<br/>4.5.2. General discussion about statistical tests 98<br/>4.6. Making statements about a binomial parameter 101<br/>4.6.1. The frequentist approach 101<br/>4.6.2. The Bayesian approach 104<br/>4.7. The bell-shaped error distribution 109<br/>4.8. Comments and further reading 112<br/> References 113 |
| 505 ## - FORMATTED CONTENTS NOTE |
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| Formatted contents note |
4.A. Appendix: The evolution of the central limit theorem 115<br/>5. Learning about parameters, and some notes on planning 119<br/>5.1. Introduction 119<br/>5.2. Test statistics described by parameters 120<br/>5.3. How we describe our knowledge about a parameter from an experiment 122<br/>5.4. Statistical analysis of two proportions 127<br/>5.4.1. Some ways to compare two proportions 127<br/>5.4.2. Analysis of the group difference 130<br/>5.5. Adjusting for confounders in the analysis 133<br/>5.6. The power curve of an experiment 138<br/>5.7. Some confusing aspects of power calculations 143<br/>5.8. Comments and further reading 145<br/> References 145 |
| 505 ## - FORMATTED CONTENTS NOTE |
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| Formatted contents note |
5.A. Appendix: Some technical comments 146<br/>5.A.1. The non-central hypergeometric distribution and 2 [×] 2 tables 146<br/>5.A.2. The gamma and χ2 distributions 147<br/>6. Empirical distribution functions 149<br/>6.1. Introduction 149<br/>6.2. How to describe the distribution of a sample 149<br/>6.3. Describing the sample: descriptive statistics 153<br/>6.4. Population distribution parameters 156<br/>6.5. Confidence in the CDF and its parameters 158<br/>6.6. Analysis of paired data 162<br/>6.7. Bootstrapping 163<br/>6.8. Meta-analysis and heterogeneity 166<br/>6.9. Comments and further reading 169<br/> References 170 |
| 505 ## - FORMATTED CONTENTS NOTE |
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| Formatted contents note |
6.A. Appendix: Some technical comments 171<br/>6.A.1. The extended family of the univariate Gaussian distributions 171<br/>6.A.2. The Wiener process and its bridge 173<br/>6.A.3. Confidence regions for the CDF and the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test 174<br/>7. Correlation and regression in bivariate distributions 177<br/>7.1. Introduction 177<br/>7.2. Bivariate distributions and correlation 178<br/>7.3. On baseline corrections and other covariates 183<br/>7.4. Bivariate Gaussian distributions 186<br/>7.5. Regression to the mean 189<br/>7.6. Statistical analysis of bivariate Gaussian data 195<br/>7.7. Simultaneous analysis of two binomial proportions 199<br/>7.8. Comments and further reading 203<br/> References 203 |
| 505 ## - FORMATTED CONTENTS NOTE |
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| Formatted contents note |
7.A. Appendix: Some technical comments 205<br/>7.A.1. The regression to the mode equation 205<br/>7.A.2. Analysis of data from the multivariate Gaussian distribution 206<br/>7.A.3. On the geometric approach to univariate confidence limits 207<br/>8. How to compare the outcome in two groups 209<br/>8.1. Introduction 209<br/>8.2. Simple models that compare two distributions 210<br/>8.3. Comparison done the horizontal way 212<br/>8.4. Analysis done the vertical way 216<br/>8.5. Some ways to compute p-values 224<br/>8.6. The discrete Wilcoxon test 226<br/>8.7. The two-period crossover trial 229<br/>8.8. Multivariate analysis and analysis of covariance 232<br/>8.9. Comments and further reading 239<br/> References 240 |
| 505 ## - FORMATTED CONTENTS NOTE |
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| Formatted contents note |
8.A. Appendix: About U-statistics 241<br/>9. Least squares, linear models and beyond 245<br/>9.1. Introduction 245<br/>9.2. The purpose of mathematical models 246<br/>9.3. Different ways to do least squares 250<br/>9.4. Logistic regression, with variations 252<br/>9.5. The two-step modeling approach 257<br/>9.6. The effect of missing covariates 260<br/>9.7. The exponential family of distributions 263<br/>9.8. Generalized linear models 269<br/>9.9. Comments and further reading 270<br/> References 270<br/>10. Analysis of dose response 273 |
| 505 ## - FORMATTED CONTENTS NOTE |
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| Formatted contents note |
10.1. Introduction 273<br/>10.2. Dose-response relationship 274<br/>10.3. Relative dose potency and therapeutic ratio 278<br/>10.4. Subject-specific and population averaged dose response 279<br/>10.5. Estimation of the population averaged dose-response relationship 281<br/>10.6. Estimating subject-specific dose responses 285<br/>10.7. Comments and further reading 288<br/> References 288 |
| 505 ## - FORMATTED CONTENTS NOTE |
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| Formatted contents note |
11. Hazards and censored data 289<br/>11.1. Introduction 289<br/>11.2. Censored observations: incomplete knowledge 290<br/>11.3. Hazard models from a population perspective 291<br/>11.4. The impact of competing risks 296<br/>11.5. Heterogeneity in survival analysis 300<br/>11.6. Recurrent events and frailty 304<br/>11.7. The principles behind the analysis of censored data 306<br/>11.8. The Kaplan-Meier estimator of the CDF 309<br/>11.9. Comments and further reading 312<br/> References 313 |
| 505 ## - FORMATTED CONTENTS NOTE |
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| Formatted contents note |
11.A. Appendix: On the large-sample approximations of counting processes 314<br/>12. From the log-rank test to the Cox proportional hazards model 317<br/>12.1. Introduction 317<br/>12.2. Comparing hazards between two groups 318<br/>12.3. Nonparametric tests for hazards 319<br/>12.4. Parameter estimation in hazard models 324<br/>12.5. The accelerated failure time model 328<br/>12.6. The Cox proportional hazards model 331<br/>12.7. On omitted covariates and stratification in the log-rank test 336<br/>12.8. Comments and further reading 338<br/> References 339 |
| 505 ## - FORMATTED CONTENTS NOTE |
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| Formatted contents note |
12.A. Appendix: Comments on interval-censored data 341<br/>13. Remarks on some estimation methods 343<br/>13.1. Introduction 343<br/>13.2. Estimating equations and the robust variance estimate 344<br/>13.3. From maximum likelihood theory to generalized estimating equations 351<br/>13.4. The analysis of recurrent events 355<br/>13.5. Defining and estimating mixed effects models 360<br/>13.6. Comments and further reading 366<br/> References 367<br/>13.A. Appendix: Formulas for first-order bias 368<br/> Index 371 |
| 520 ## - SUMMARY, ETC. |
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| Summary, etc. |
y "Understanding Biostatistics looks at the fundamentals of biostatistics, using elementary statistics and explores the nature of statistical tests, the tests that produces the p-values and basic aspects of clinical trials. The concept of distribution functions are discussed, including the Guassian distribution and its importance in biostatistics. The book also looks at problems of estimating parameters in statistical models and looks at the similarities between different models. The author does not set out to provide the definitive text on biostatistics, but rather to provide a guide to the concepts involved and their application in everyday work."--Provided by publisher |
| 546 ## - LANGUAGE NOTE |
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| Language note |
In English text. |
| 650 ## - SUBJECT ADDED ENTRY--TOPICAL TERM |
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| Topical term or geographic name entry element |
Biometry |
| 9 (RLIN) |
3134 |
| 650 ## - SUBJECT ADDED ENTRY--TOPICAL TERM |
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| Topical term or geographic name entry element |
Biostatistics |
| 9 (RLIN) |
3135 |
| 650 ## - SUBJECT ADDED ENTRY--TOPICAL TERM |
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| Topical term or geographic name entry element |
Models, Statistical |
| 9 (RLIN) |
3136 |
| 830 ## - SERIES ADDED ENTRY--UNIFORM TITLE |
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| Uniform title |
Statistics in practice |
| 9 (RLIN) |
3137 |
| 942 ## - ADDED ENTRY ELEMENTS (KOHA) |
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| Source of classification or shelving scheme |
Library of Congress Classification |
| Koha item type |
Book |
| Classification part |
QH 323.5 K35 2011 |
| Call number prefix |
CIR |
